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| Five major cardiovascular accidents and first aid measures |
The early manifestations of left heart failure are difficulty breathing during physical labor and sitting breathing. When the disease develops severely, the patient often wakes up at night, is forced to sit up, cough and wheezing, purple lips, sweating, irritability, coughing pink, and pulse is fine and fast.
Right heart failure can have cough, cough, asthma, purple cheeks and lips, and neck venous anger. Lower extremity edema, severe cases are accompanied by ascites and pleural effusion.
At the same time, left heart and right heart failure occurred for heart failure.
First aid plan:
Let the patient be quiet and reduce fear and irritability. Conditional immediate oxygen (oxygen can pass through 75% alcohol solution in acute pulmonary edema), loosen the collar and belt. Let the patient take the seat, the two lower limbs sag along the bed, if necessary, the limbs can be ligated with tape, each limb is ligated for 5 minutes, and then relaxed for 5 minutes to reduce the amount of blood return and reduce the burden on the heart. Oral aminophylline, hydrochlorothiazide 2 tablets, limit the amount of drinking water, and immediately sent patients to the hospital for treatment.
Myocardial infarction
Acute myocardial infarction is the most critical cardiac emergency and is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in middle-aged and elderly people. Many patients die within a few hours after the onset of the disease, and about 1/3 of the patients who fail to arrive at the hospital in time are diagnosed. Early detection and proper treatment are very important. Patients with a history of coronary heart disease should consider the possibility of myocardial infarction if they have chest tightness, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
First aid plan:
1. Let the patient sit on the ground, don't turn over, keep quiet and calm, and don't talk loudly around people and try to reduce the number of patients. Do not let patients walk to the hospital, such as rushing patients to the hospital, people back, car drag, all the way bumps, easy to make the disease worse.
2. If there is oxygen supply condition, immediately let the patient take oxygen and contact the emergency station at the same time.
3. If there is a household medicine box, when the patient has a myocardial infarction, first let the patient lie down immediately, stop the activity, orally take 300 mg of aspirin. If there is chest pain, nitroglycerin or heartache can be chewed and placed. The patient has a tongue. Breathing and chest massage should also be performed immediately.
First aid for sudden stop of heartbeat
1. Sudden syncope, loss of consciousness, convulsions in the limbs. The heart stops 10 to 15 seconds due to cerebral hypoxia, causing fainting, loss of consciousness, the patient can suddenly fall from sitting, standing, and shouting without reaction. At the same time, facial and limb muscle twitching occurs for up to several minutes.
2. Heart sound, pulse, and blood pressure suddenly disappeared. Observing the pulse is based on the aortic pulsation. In adults, the carotid artery, the femoral artery, and the young child are subject to the radial artery.
3. Breathing stops. At the beginning, there is intermittent or sighing state. There are only a few breaths per minute, the breathing is small, the chest does not see signs of undulation, and the breathing stops completely. Respiratory arrest occurs more than 20 to 30 seconds after the heart stops.
4. The pupil is dilated, the light reflection disappears, and purpura appears. The heart stops beating for 45 seconds, the pupil is dilated, the light reflection disappears, and the pupil dilated is fixed for 1~2 minutes. The sable is seen on the facial skin, and the lips, nails, etc. become purple-black.
5. ECG changes. A professional emergency doctor carries an electrocardiograph to make an electrocardiogram diagnosis of cardiac arrest.
6. Identify patients with cardiac arrest early.
7. Call 911 emergency number to call for help.
8. Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.
First aid for sudden angina
If there is a sudden onset of angina in a place other than the hospital, and there is no emergency medicine around, what should I do? The simplest and most effective first aid method is to apply the "auricular acupoint pressing method" to quickly relieve pain and relieve symptoms.
The specific method of "ear acupoint pressing method" is to take a match or toothpick, fine dry branches and small nails, and use the end, in the middle of the ear of the auricle, to touch the most sensitive pain point, namely It is a hole in the ear. Pressing this hole a little bit will give you an analgesic effect in about 1 minute. It can relieve angina in 2 to 3 minutes. Others operate better than self-operating. If the pain does not relieve for 10 minutes, call an ambulance.
When the ear is pressed, there is a feeling of tingling, soreness, pain, burning pain, and numbness. This is a normal reaction. First press the hole in the ear of the left ear. If the pressing effect is not sensitive, use the hole in the ear of the right ear instead. After taking effect once, press 6-8 times a day to consolidate the effect.
Cardiac asthma first aid
Cardiac asthma often occurs after sleeping at night, also known as paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, which is more common in middle-aged and elderly people. Patients with high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, mitral stenosis, aortic insufficiency, acute nephritis and other medical history. Frequent coughing often occurs during nighttime asthma attacks, and there are obvious difficulties in exhaling and inhaling, and there is also a wheezing sound. The attack time is shorter than 10 minutes, and the long time is about 1 hour. It can also continue to be asthmatic. Acute pulmonary edema can occur in critically ill patients, with increased asthma, cyanosis, and coughing pink foamy sputum.
First aid plan:
When a heart attack occurs during a nighttime asthma attack, the patient should quickly sit on the backrest chair and hang down on both legs to reduce the return of venous blood and relieve symptoms. At the same time, please consult a doctor or go to the hospital for examination and treatment.
Patients with a tendency or aura of cardiac asthma, such as mild activity before the onset, feel difficulty breathing, chest tightness, or lower extremity edema, a small amount of wet voice can be heard in the lower part of the lungs, which means that the heart function is already poor. You can take a small dose of cardiotonic medicine under the guidance of a doctor. It is best to lie flat for a few hours every afternoon to make the lower extremity edema disappear.
Patients with edema should control the intake of sodium salt. No salt can be added to the cooking or 1/3 of the usual amount. Those with obvious edema should also drink less water. If necessary, diuretics can be added.
Asthma of heart disease people have more chances of attack at night, especially those with poor heart function, which are prone to acute heart failure. Therefore, daily life should be regular, follow the doctor's advice, regulate diet, and quit smoking.
Hypertension emergency method
If members of the family with high blood pressure suddenly become ill, it is important that other members of the family should be able to make preliminary judgments and do appropriate treatment accordingly.
First aid method
(1) Sudden rise in blood pressure, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, severe headache, and even blurred vision, that is, hypertensive encephalopathy has occurred. At this time, the family should comfort the patient not to be nervous and stay in bed. If you have antihypertensive drugs in your home, you can take them immediately. You can also take diuretics and sedatives. If the above treatment, the symptoms are still not relieved, the patient should be escorted to the emergency treatment in a nearby hospital.
(2) Angina pectoris occurs, even myocardial infarction or acute heart failure. The patient often has severe precordial pain and chest tightness after exertion or excitement. It can be radiated to the neck, left shoulder or upper limb. The heavy ones are pale and cold. In the above circumstances, the patient should be asked to rest quietly, with a piece of nitroglycerin under the tongue, or open a solution of isoamyl nitrite. If you have an oxygen bag in your home, you can inhale oxygen at the same time. If the symptoms are not relieved, you should promptly notify the emergency center or prepare a car to go to the hospital.
(3) If the patient suddenly has shortness of breath and is in a state of breathing, lips and cyanosis, accompanied by a pink foamy sputum, consider acute left heart failure. The patient should be told to hang down on the legs, take a seat, inhale oxygen, and promptly notify the emergency center.
Precautions
Hypertensive patients are accompanied by cerebrovascular accidents at the time of onset. The patient suddenly has severe headache, accompanied by vomiting, and even disturbance of consciousness and paralysis of the limbs. At this time, the patient should be supine and the head should be turned to one side to prevent the vomit from inhaling the airway when the disturbance of consciousness is accompanied by severe vomiting, and then notify the emergency center.
It can be seen from the above that we need to distinguish different diseases of cardiovascular disease and treat them with different first-aid drugs, so as not to delay the best treatment time for patients.
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